DUSTS, GASES, VAPORS, WASTE.

13. All dust, gases and offensive, unhealthy and toxic vapors must be conducted directly out of the workshop as soon as they are produced and this to the satisfaction of the sanitary physician.

14. In order to provide against reeks, vapors, gases, light dusts, funnels must be constructed connected with draught flues or any other apparatus for an efficacious elimination.

15.-Millstones, threshers, crushes and other mechanical apparatus must be enclosed in drums put in direct communication with a strong aspirator in order that dust be removed.

16.-For heavy gases such as vapors of mercury and of sulphide of carbon, the ventilation must be made per descensum, and the working tables and other working apparatus must be in direct communication with the ventilators.

17. The pulverization of irritating or toxic matters or other operations such as sifting and packing must be done mechanically in closed apparatus.

18.--When there is but a part of industrial operations that causes dusts, gases or vapors, the sanitary physicians may require that such operations which he is to designate, are to be carried on in rooms entirely separate from the rest of the establishment.

19. The solid waste of a putrifying nature which is not to be used in the trade must be burned of buried two (2) feet under ground and in a place approved of by the municipal council or its board of health, but never less than two hundred (200) feet from a well or other source of drinking water.

DRAINAGE.

SINKS, WASH BASINS, URINALS, LATRINES,LIQUID WASTE

20.-In municipalities where there is a sewerage system, industrial establishments must be connected with the public sewer unless the waste waters, in the opinion of the sanitary physician may deteriorate the sewers, and in this last case, articles 24, 25, 26, of there by-laws apply to these industrial establishments already constructed or to be constructed just as if there were no municipal sewerage system.

21. In establishments that run off their waste or washing waters in a public or private sewer.

(a) The collecting pipes of the building must be of iron, cast-iron or vitrified earthen ware.

(b) The soil pipe must be of iron, cast-iron or at least of lead and carried above the roof of the building.

(c) The pipes connecting water-closets, basins, sinks other receptacles into the soil pipe must be of iron or lead and three must be a trap (water seal) close to each water-closet, basin, sink or receptacle.

(d) Every joint must be so made as to prevent the escape of water or gas.

(e) It is forbidden to use zinc or galvanized sheet-iron for ventilation pipes in connection with the traps of water-closets, sinks, basins or other receptacles.

(f) The water-closets must be placed in an apartment separate from the rooms in which the men are at work and they must communicate with the outside by a ventilator.

(g) The floor of the water-closet must be made impermeable to the satisfaction of the sanitary physician.

(h) The only water-closet allowed in factories that will be built in the future is the one known as the washed out closet.

(i) The pipes and other plumbing done in future are to be uncovered.

22. The sanitary physician can have the number of water-closets increased when he considers it necessary.

23.-Wooden drains ending in the interior of the building are for

bidden.

24. In the municipalities where no sewerage system exists, the municipal council must, before permitting the construction of an industrial establishment, submit the drainage Plans of the seid industrial establishment to the sanitary physician in charge of the manufactures of the district who, after having consulted with the executive of the Board of Health of the Province, determines which of the following methods; land irrigation, decantation, mechanical filtering, evaporation in boilers followed by the incineration of the solid residue, or chemical decomposition, must be employed for the waste water and what kind of latrines to employ.

25. Every industrial establishment is forbidden to make use of cesspools communicating with or extending beyond underground

water.

26.-When the sanitary physician is of the opinion that a privy pit is dangerous to the public health, he may order its suppression and decide as to the kind of latrines to be used in its stead.

TEMPERATURE.

27. From the first of May to the first of October, boilers used in factories must be placed in an entirely separate apartment and only the engineer and fireman can remain therein.

28. Unless it may be necessary to the kind of work carried on in the factory, and even then the authorization of the sanitary physician has to be obtained, the temperature of the work rooms must never be less than sixty nor more than seventy-two (72) degrees Fahrenheit.

29. In establishments where the work necessitates the introduction of steam, the temperature of the apartment must be raised according to the degree of moisture to be reached, in the proportions indicated by the following scale:

If desired to obtain:

The dry bulb of the thermometer must mark:

The wet bulb of the thermometer marking:

5.1 grains of moisture

per cubic foot of air 60 degrees Fahrenheit 58 degrees Fahrenheit

5.2

61..

59

30. The above by-laws annul municipal by-laws only in cases where the latter are contradictory to the former.

31. All previous by-laws of the Board of Health of the Province, contradictory to the present, are repealed in so far as they relate to industrial establishments.

32.-When there is a conflict of opinion between the sanitary physician and employer on a point left to the discretion of the former, it is the duty of the said sanitary physician to refer the matter to the president or secretary of the Board of Health of the Province, before taking action.

33.—The procedure to be followed for notices, services, law suits and other measures necessary to the enforcing of these by-laws, is that indicated for notices, services, law suits and other measures covered by section four (4), chapter two (2), of the seventh title of the Revised Statutes. (R. S. P. Q.., art. 3095e)

34. Every infraction of the above by-laws renders the guilty party liable to a fine of two hundred ($200) dollars at most, and of another fine not exceeding six ($6) dollars per day, as long as the infraction lasts, after the notice being given by the sanitary physician. (3095b. R. S. P. Q.)

35. The articles 21a and 21b of these by-laws only apply to industrial establishments to be built in the future; and the industrial establishments now in operation are accorded from the promulgation of the said by-laws, a delay or one (1) year in order to conform to article 5, and a delay of six (6) months for articles 9, 14, 16, 17, 20, 21f, 29, and a delay of three (3) months for articles 21C, 21g and 25.

EXTRACTS FROM THE CODE OF LOWER CANADA,
ESPECIALLY COMPILED FOR THIS BOOK.

PARTY WALLS.

510. Both in town and country, walls serving for separatoin between buildings up to the required heights, or between yards and gardens, and also between enclosed fields, are presumed to he common, if there be no title, mark or other legal proof to the contrary.

COMMON WALL MARKS.

511. It is a mark that a wall is not common when its summit is straight and plumb with the facing on one side, and on the other exhibits an inclined plane; and also when one side only has a coping, or mouldings, or corbeis of stone, placed there in building the wall.

In such cases the wall is deemed to belong exclusively to the proprietor on whose side are the eaves or the corbels and mouldings.

REPAIR COMMON WALL.

512. The repairing and rebuilding of a common wall are chargeable to all those who have any right in it, in proportion to the right of each.

ABANDONED INTEREST IN COMMON WALL.

513.-Nevertheless every coproprietor of a common wall may avoid contributing to its repair and rebuilding by abandoning his share in the wall and renouncing his right of making use of it.

MAY BUILD AGAINST A COMMON WALL: PROVIDED.

514.-Every coproprietor may build against a common wall and place therein joists or beams, to within (four (4) inches) of the whole thickness of the wall, without prejudice to the right which the neighbor has to force him to reduce the beam to the half thickness of the wall, in case he should himself desire to put beams in the same place, or to build a chimney against it.

MAY RAISE COMMON WALL.

515.—Every coproprietor may raise the common wall at will, but at his own cost, upon paying an indemnity for the additional weight imposed, and bearing for the future the expense of keeping in re-pair above the height which is common.

The indemnity thus payable is the sixth (%) of the value of the super-structure.

On these conditions such superstructures becomes the exclusive property of him who built it; but it remains, as to the right of view, subject to the rules applicable to common walls.

REBUILDING COMMON WALL

516.--If the common wall be not in a condition to support the superstructure, he who wishes to raise it must have it rebuilt at his own cost, and the excess of thickness must be taken on his own side.

ACQUIRE JOINT OWNERSHIP.

517. The neighbor who has not contributed to the superstructure may acquire the joint ownership of it, by paying half the costs thereof, and the value of one half of the ground used for the excess of thickness, if there be any.

VALUE OF COMMON WALL.

518. Every owner of property adjoining a wall, has the privilege of making it common in whole or in part, by paying to the proprietor of the wall half the value of the part he wishes to render common, and half the value of the ground on which such wall is built.

RECESS IN COMMON WALL.

519. One neighbor cannot make any recess in the body of a common wall, nor can he apply or rest any work there, without the consent of the other, or on his refusal, without having caused to be settled by experts the necessary means to prevent the new work from being injurious to the rights of the other.