Viva Verdi! (Long live Verdi !) Cry of the ITALIAN PATRIOTS (1859), really referring to VictorE(mmanuel) R(e) D'I(talie) (182078), under cover of the name of the composer (Guiseppe) Verdi.

Zone grigie. (Gray Zones).

FRANCESCO CRISPI (1819-1901), in a conversation with M. Saint-Cère, editor of the Paris Figaro in 1890; it was published in that journal, on

the 29th of September in the same year. "La question des nation"alités se meurt. Il n'y a puls de "divisions marquées, tranchées; il "y a sur toutes les frontières de tous "les pays des zones grises où les nationalités se mêlent." (The question of nationalities is dying. There are no longer any distinct, defined divisions, there are on the frontiers of all countries gray zones where the nationalities mix).

Abiit, excessit, evasit, erupit. (He is gone, he has fled, he has escaped, he has burst through us).

CICERO (106-43 B.C.) at the beginning of his second oration against Catiline, referring to Catiline's flight. (Cicero, In Catilinam II, i, 1).

Acta est fabula. (The play is over).

DEMONAX (2nd cent. A.D.), Greek philosopher and contemporary of Hadrian and Marcus Aurelius, who lived 100 years and allowed himself to die of hunger.--Last words (in their Latin form): but see λήγει μὲν ἀγὼν τῶν καλλίστων. The phrase "Acta est fabula" was used in ancient times to inform the people that they might go home, the spectacle being ended. Augustus, (63 B.C.-14 A.D.) on his death-bed, asked his friends around him whether they thought he had played his part in life well, and quoted the following two lines from a Greek poet:

Εἰ δὲ πᾶν ἔχει καλῶς, τῷ παιγνίῳ Δότε κρότον, καὶ πάντες ὑμεῖς μετὰ

..

at

ad Kalendas Graecas. (. the Greek Calends). AUGUSTUS (63 B.C.-14 A.D.)-a common expression of his in connection with debts owing to him, which he expected would never be paid, seeing that there were no calends in the Greek months. (Suetonius, Twelve Caesars: Augustus, 87.) Cf.

"Ad Graecas, bone rex, fient mandata Kalendas." (Your commands, noble king, shall be obeyed at the Greek Kalends), QUEEN ELIZABETH (1533-1603) sage sent to Philip II of Spain, through his envoys.

mes

Amicus Plato, sed magis amica veritas. (Plato is dear to me, but dearer still is truth). ARISTOTLE (384-322 B.C.)-referring to Plato (428-347 В.С.), from whose opinions he sometimes (Ammonius, Life of Aristotle: the Greek original is not preserved). The saying of Aristotle is a paraphrase of Socrates' words to Simmias and Cebes (Plato, Dialogues: Phaedo, xci).

An nescis, mi fili, quantilla prudentia regitur orbis? - Woodhead, Memoirs of Queen Christina, vol. 1, p. 225. Cf. also Lundblad, Svensk Plutark, ii, (Stockholm, 1826, p. 95). Apparently written by the chancellor in a letter to his son in 1641, but the expression had previously appeared in print (in German) : Florilegium Christopheri Lehman, Frankfort, 1640: "Die Welt wird mit wenig Witz regiert." (The world is ruled with little wisdom). The words are attributed to POPE JULIUS III (1487-1555) by Pedro Jos. Suppico de Moraes, Colecçion Politica de Apophthegmes Memorav., Lisbon, 1733, t. II, vol. ii, p. 44. Lord Chesterfield is also said to have used (or quoted) the phrase to his son, after Ministerial dinner:

a

imperial box in the circus before fighting. Cf. Suetonius, Twelve Casars: Claudius, 21. Often quoted "Ave, Cæsar, etc."

Bis dat qui cito dat. (He gives twice who gives quickly). FRANCIS BACON (1561-1626) Lord Verulam-in his speech, May 7, 1617, on taking his seat as Lord Keeper. Cf.

Bis dat qui dat celeriter. (He gives twice who gives quickly) (PUBLILIUS SYKUS, Sententiae, 225); and Ὡς μέγα τὸ μικρόν ἐστιν ἐν καιρῷ δοθεν. (How great the small gift is when given in season)MENANDER, Monosticha, 752.

Cæsarem se non regem esse [respondit]. (I am no king, but Cæsar).

CAIUS JULIUS CÆSAR (100-44 B.C.)-on declining the title of king (Suetonius, Twelve Cæsars, 79). Castigat ridendo mores. (He

corrects morals by ridicule). JEAN SANTEUL (1630-97) Motto given to the harlequin Joseph Biancolelli, called Dominique (1640-88).

Cave ne cadas! (Beware lest you fall!)

In ancient Rome it was the custom, when honouring a victorious general, to place behind the chariot in which he rode to the Capitol a slave who repeated the above words amid the shouts of the people. See Hominem memento

te.

Civis sum romanus. (I am a Roman citizen).

Said by the Romans under certain circumstances, when wishing to recall the privileges attaching to the title. Lord Palmerston (1784-1865) used the phrase as “Civis Romanus sum" in the House of Commons, June 25, 1850:

and whether, as the Roman in days of old held himself free from indignity, when he could say Civis Romanus sum, so also a British subject, in whatever land he may be, shall feel confident that the watchful eye and the strong arm of England will protect him against injustice and wrong (Sir W. Reid, Life of W. E. Glad. stone, 1899, p. 357). Consule tibi! (Look to thyself !)

ST. AUGUSTINE (354-430)-in his first sermon, In natali Cypriani martyris, in which he recounts the first dialogue between St. Cyprian and the pro-consul before whom the bishop of Carthage appeared :

Cum enim ejus immobilem mentem videret, quando ei dixit: Jusserunt te principes cæremoniari,' responditque ille: Non facio, adjecit et ait: Consule tibi!' (When he saw that his mind was not to be shaken, after he had said to him 'Your rulers have given orders that you shou d worship,' he replied, 'I will not do it,' and added Look to thyself!'

Cui adhæreo præest. (He whom I favour wins).

Motto on the tent of HENRI VIII. (1491-1547) at the Field of the Cloth of Gold, June 1520.

Cum dignitate otium. (Ease with dignity).

CICERO (106-43 B.C.)-alluding to literature practised by statesmen retired from affairs of state (Cicero, Pro Sestio, xlv., 98). The phrase occurs also in Ad Familiares i, 9, 21, and in De Oratore, i, I, 1. Cf.

Quid est enim dulcius otio literato? (What is more delightful than lettered ease?) - CICERO, Tusculanæ Disputationes; V., 36, 105.

The phrase is usually quoted as 'Otium cum dignitate.

Decet imperatorem stantem mori. -See Imperatorem stantem mori oportere.

Delendam esse Carthaginem. (Carthage must be blotted out). CATO MAJOR (234-149 B.C.): he is said to have often added these

words to his speeches when giving his opinion on any subject whatever. On the other hand, Publius Scipio, called Nasica (fl. 2nd cent. B.C.), used to end all his speeches by saying: "And I further am of opinion that Carthage should be left alone."

(Florus, Epitome Rerum Romanarum, ii, 15, §4; Plutarch, Lives: Cato Major, 27).

De mortuis nil nisi bonum-See Τὸν τεθνηκότα μὴ κακολογεῖν. Deo erexit Voltaire. (Voltaire erected it to God).

VOLTAIRE (1694-1778 – inscription placed over a church he had built at Ferney; altered from Deo soli (To God alone), a common dedication. Cf.

Nor his, who for the bane of thousands born,

Built God a Church, and laugh'd his word to scorn.-Cowper, Retirement, 11. 687-8. (Evidently an allusion to the church at Ferney, erected by Voltaire.)

Desponsamus te, mare, in signum veri perpetuique dominii. (We wed thee, O sea, in sign of a true and perpetual dominion).

Formula in use by the VENETIAN DOGES at the annual ceremony of 'wedding' the Adriatic.

Diem perdidi! (I've lost a day !)

THE EMPEROR TITUS (40-81)on recalling the fact that he had not benefited anyone that day (Suetonius, Twelve Casars: Titus, 8). Cf.

"I've lost a day," the prince who nobly

cried

"Tel fut cet empereur sous qui Rome adorée

Vit renaître les jours de Saturne et de Rhée;

Qui rendit de son joug l'univers amoureux; Qu'on n'alla jamais voir sans revenir heureux;

Qui soupirait le soir, si sa main fortunée N'avait par ses bienfaits signalé la journée" (Such was this emperor under whom adored Rome

Saw renewed the days of Saturn and of Rhea;

Who released the amorous universe from its yoke;

Who was never visited without a happy

return;

Who sighed at evening, if his favored hand Had not by his benefits crowned the day.) Boileau, Epitre Ière. (au Roi), 1. 109; "La plus perdue de toutes les journées est celle où l'on n'a pas ri." (The most wasted of all days is the one when we have not laughed)-Chamfort, Maximes et Pensées, ch. I. (ed. 1824, vol. i, p. 355). See Den gestrigen Tag suchen.

Domine! Domine! fac finem!

fac finem! (Lord! Lord! make an end! make an end !) DESIDERIUS ERASMUS (1465 or 7-1536)-Last words. Ego et meus rex (I and my King.) CARDINAL WOLSEY (1471-1530) -Formula when chancellor of England.) Cf.

"Then, that, in all you writ to Rome, or

else

To be your servant. Shakspere, King Henry VIII, act 3, sc. 2, (Duke of Norfolk).

Ego sum rex Romanus et super grammaticam. (I am king of the Romans and above grammar).

The EMPEROR SIGISMUND (13681437)-at the Council of Constance in 1414, on a grammatical error, in his speech to the assembled prelates, being pointed out to him. (Wolfgang Menzel's Geschichte der Deutschen, ch. 325 (1837 ed., vol. ii, p. 477); also Carlyle, Frederick the Great, ch. xiv.) Cf.

little gain).

Motto jokingly suggested by ROBERT LOWE, Viscount Sherbrooke (1811-92) for the new label when he proposed a tax of d. per box on lucifer matches. Owing to the opposition the proposal was withdrawn (Dict. Nat. Biogr., vol. xxxiv, p. 200.) Cf. also Reed, Life of Gladstone, p. 572. Festina lente-See Σπεύδε βραδέως. Fiat justitia, et pereat mundus. (Let justice be done, though the world perish).

Motto of FERDINAND I of Germany (1503-64)-(Johannes Manlius, Loci Communes, 1563, vol. ii, p. 290).

Fiat justitia, ruat cælum. (Let justice be done, though the skies fall).