Οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν πολέμῳ δὶς ἁμαρτεῖν. (In war it is not permitted to make a second mistake).

LAMACHUS (d. 414 B.C.)—to one of his captains whom he was reprimanding for some fault he had committed, the captain having said that he would not do it again. (Plutarch, Apophthegmata: Lamachi, 1).

Οὐκ εὐτρεπὴς οὗτος ; οὐ νεουργής ; ἀλλ ̓ οὐκ ἂν εἰδείη τις ὑμῶν, καθ’ ὅ τι θλίβεται μέρος οὑμὸς πούς (Is it not a fine [shoe]? Is it not a new one? and yet none of you can say where my foot is pinched).

A ROMAN put away his wife, and, on his friends blaming him, saying: "Is she not chaste? is she not beautiful? is she not fruitful?" he held out his shoe, making the above remarks. (Plutarch, Lives: Æmilius Paulus, v). Cf. "But I wot best wher wryngith me my scho."-Chaucer, Marchandes Tale, 1. 399.

Οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ Πλάτωνος ἄνθρωπος. (Here is Plato's 'man').

DIOGENES (B.C. 412-323)-on bringing into the school a cock, which he had previously plucked. Plato had defined man as 'a twolegged animal without feathers.' 'With flat nails' was afterwards added.

̓́Ανθρωπος ζῶον ἄπτερον, δίπουν, πλατυώνυχον. (Man is a wingless animal, with two feet and flat nails). -Plato, Definitions (ed. Stephens, p. 415, A; Cf. Diogenes Laertius, Lives: Diogenes, vi., 2, 6). Cf. : Homo est animal bipes rationale. (Man is a two-footed reasoning animal).—Boëthius, De Consolatione Philosophiae, v, Prosa, iv.

Πάντα λίθον κίνει. (Turn every stone).

DELPHIC ORACLE-advice given to Polycrates (d. 522 B.C.) as the best means of finding a treasure buried by Mardonius, Xerxes' general, on the field of Plataea (Corpus, Paramiograph Græc., i, p. 146). It is the origin of the expression "To leave no stone unturned." Cf.:

no

Πάντα κινῆσαι πέτρον. (Τo leave stone unturned). - Euripides

Heraclidae, 1. 1002; and

'Tis good for us to live in gravel-pits,* but not for gravel-pits to live in us; a man in this case should leave no stone unturned. -Swift, Journal to Stella, letter 34.

Πανταχόθεν ὁμοία ἐστὶν ἡ εἰς ᾳδου κατάβασις. (The descent to Hades is alike from every side).

ANAXAGORAS (B.C. 499-427)-to one who was grieved that he should die in a foreign country. (Diogenes Laertius, Lives: Anaxagoras, § 11).

Πάνυ μὲν οὖν· λέγω μὴ μνησικακεῖν τοῖς ̓Αθηναίοις. (Certainly, my message is that he bear no malice against the Athenians).

PHOCION (c. 400-317 В.С.) when asked shortly before his death, if he had any message for his son, Phocus. (Plutarch, Lives: Phocion, xxxvi).

Παραπλήσια ἔργα εἶναι νομέως ἀγαθοῦ καὶ βασιλέως ἀγαθοῦ. (The functions of a good shepherd and those of a good king are much the same).

CYRUS (d. 529 в.с.)-(Xenophon, Cyropaedia, viii, 2, 14).

Πάταξον μὲν, ἄκουσον δέ. (Strike, but hear me).

* Patients were sent to Kensington gravel. pits for the sake of air.

THEMISTOCLES (514-449 B.С.) — to Eurybiades, the Spartan, who had raised his staff as if to strike him. (Plutarch, Lives: Themistocles, xi). Cf.:

"Tenez, monsieur, battez-moi plutôt, et me laissez rire tout mon soûl; cela me fera plus de bien." (Look, sir, beat me rather, and let me laugh my fill; that will do me more good). - Molière, Le Bourgeois gentilhomme, act 3, sc. 2. See Frappe, mais va-t-en.

Παῦσαί με, ὦ ἄνθρωπε, κλαίων · καὶ γὰρ οὕτω παρανόμως καὶ ἀδίκως ἀπολλύμενος κρείττων εἰμὶ τῶν ἀναιροῦντων. (Stay your tears, friend; for in my unlawful and wrongful death I am better than those that are murdering me).

KING AGIS (d. 399 B.C.)--on being led to execution, to one of the prison officers who was weeping. (Plutarch, Lives: Agis, xx).

Πλεῖν ἀνάγκη, ζῆν οὐκ ἀνάγκη. (It is necessary to sail: it is not necessary to live).

POMPEY (c. 106-48 B.C.)-when about to sail for Sicily, &c., to collect grain, the ships' masters being unwilling to start. (Plutarch, Lives: Pompey, xi). See Je n'en vois pas la nécessité.

..

πλείονα δ ̓ ἂν ἔτι τούτων εἰρήκειν, εἰ πλείων παρῆν οἶνος ἡμῖν. (.. and we should have said more [evil] of you, if we had had more wine).

A YOUTH-to PYRRHUS (d. 272 B.C.). The youth, with others, had been speaking ill of Pyrrhus over their wine (Plutarch, Lives: Pyrrhus, viii).

Ποιητὰ δὲ νόμιμα εἶναι. (Whatever is, is right).

DEMOCRITUS (B.C. 460-357)Diogenes Laertius, Lives: Democritus, § 45). Cf. :

Whatever is, is right. -Pope, Essay on Man, Ep. i, l. 294.

Πολὺ δὲ μεῖζον τὸ ἐπιθυμεῖν ὧν δεῖ. (Yes, a much greater; for a man to desire no more than is necessary).

MENEDEMUS (b.c. 385 B.C.)—

on hearing another maintain that there could be no greater good than for a man to get what he desired. (Diogenes Laertius, Lives: Menedemus, § 136).

Πόσων ἐγὼ χρείαν οὐκ ἔχω. (How many things are there of which I have no need?)

SOCRATES (B.с. 468-399)-(Diogenes Laertius, Lives: Socrates, § 25.

as 'Call no man happy till his death.'

Πρότερόν ἐστι τοῦ πρωρατεῦσαι τὸ φυρᾶσαι. (Before setting the watch we must think of provisioning the ship-Harbottle). DEMADES ( d. 318 B.C)— (Plutarch, Lives: Cleomenes, xxvii). Πυρ μαχαίρᾳ μὴ σκαλεύειν. (Do

not poke fire with a sword). PYTHAGORAS (6th cent. В.С.) (Diogenes Laertius, Lives: Pythagoras, § 19.

Πῶς δ' ἂν οὐκ εἴη Χαρίλαος ἀνὴρ ἀγαθὸς, ὃς οὐδὲ τοῖς πονηροῖς χαλεπός έστι; (How can Charilaus be anything but a good man?--he is not harsh even to the wicked).

KING ARCHELAUS (d. 405 в.с.) -when hearing King Charilaus, his brother-king, extolled for his goodness. (Plutarch Lives : Lycurgus, v.)

Πῶς δ ̓ οὐ μέλλω φέρειν βαρέως ἀπολιπών, πόλιν ἐχθροὺς τοιούτους ἔχουσαν οἵους ἐν ἑτέρᾳ φίλους εὑρεῖν οὐ ῥᾴδιόν ἐστιν ; (How can I help being grieved at leaving a city where my very enemies are such that it were hard to find their like to be my friends in any other country).

DEMOSTHENES (c. 382-322 B.C.) -bursting into tears on his political opponents begging him to accept money for his journey after his escape from Athens (Plutarch, Lives: Demosthenes, xxvi).

‘Ρεῖν τὰ ὅλα ποταμοῦ δίκην. (All things flow onward, like river).

a

HERACLITUS (f. B.C. 513.)Diogenes Laertius, Lives: Heraclitus, § 6). Commonly quoted as πάντα ῥεῖ.

..

σήμερον παρὰ Λουκούλλῳ δειπνεῖ Λούκουλλος.

(Lucullus will

sup to-day with Lucullus).

Lucullus (c. 115-c.56 B.C.)when supping alone and being angry at only a moderate repast having been prepared (Plutarch, Lives: Lucullus, xli).

Σκαιοὺς φύσει καὶ ἀγροίκους εἶναι Μακεδόνας, καὶ τὴν σκάφην λέγοντας. (The Macedonians are uncouth in nature and boorish, and call a tub a tub).

PHILIP OF MACEDON (382-336 B.с.)-(Plutarch, Apophthegmata Philippi, 15). Cf.: ̓Αγροικός εἰμι τὴν σκάφην σκάφην λέγων. (I am a countryman and call a tub a tub).

(Meineke, Fragmenta Comic. Anon., 199; and

Τὰ σῦκα, σῦκα, τὴν σκάφην σκάφην λέγων. (Calling figs figs, and tubs tubs). (ANONYMOUS, in Lucian, QuomodoHistoria sit conscribenda, 41).

Σπεῦδε βραδέως. (Hasten slowly).

-to a

CAIUS MARIUS (c. 153-86 в.с.) soldier who entered his apartment in the dark, sword in hand, intending to assassinate him. The soldier, terrified, took to flight crying:

Οὐ δύναμαι Γάϊον Μάριον ἀποκτεῖναι. (I cannot kill Caius Marius) -Plutarch, Lives: Marius, xxxix.

Σὺ μὲν οὖν, εἰ μέγας εἶ στρατηγός, ἀνάγκασόν με διαγωνίσασθαι μὴ βουλόμενον. (Nay, if you are a great general, do you force me to fight against my will !)

CAIUS MARIUS (c. 153-86 в.с.) -to Publius Silo, leader of the Marsi, who taunted him by saying : Εἰ μέγας εἶ, ὦ Μάριε, διαγώνισαι καταβάς (If you are a great general, Marius, come down and fightme). (Plutarch, Lives: Marius, xxxiii).

Σὺ νικᾶν οἶδας, νίκῃ δὲ χρῆσθαι οὐκ οἶδας. (You know how to gain a victory, but not how to use it).

HAMILCAR BARCAS, the Carthaginian (d. 229 B.C.) to Hannibal. (Plutarch, Lives: Fabius Maximus, xvii). The saying is also attributed to Maharbal.

Συμβούλευε μὴ τὰ ἥδιστα, ἀλλὰ τὰ κάλλιστα. (Consider not what is most pleasant, but what is best).

SOLON, (B.C. 638-558)-(Diogenes Laertius, Lives: Solon, § 60).

Ταῦτα, ὦ Κεφάλων, ἐπίχειρα τῆς βασιλίκης φιλίας. (These, Cephalon, are the wages of my friendship with the king).

ARATUS (c. 272-213 B.C.)-to one of his friends who noticed that he spat blood. His illness was caused by drugs administered to him by order of Philip of Macedon. (Plutarch, Lives: Aratus, lii).

Τέκνον, ἢ τὰν ἢ ἐπὶ τᾶς (My son, with it [your shield], or upon it !)

SPARTAN MOTHER, to her son(Plutarch, Apophthegmata Lacaenarum, 15).

Τὴν φιλαργυρίαν μητρόπολιν πάντων τῶν κακῶν. (Love of money is the fountain-head of all evils).

DIOGENES (B.C. 412-323)-(Diogenes Laertius Lives: Diogenes, § 50). Stobaeus attributes the saying to Bion.

τὴν ψυχὴν ἐν ἀλλοτρίῳ σώματι ζῆν (.. the soul of a lover inhabits the body of his beloved).

CATO MAJOR (234-149 В.С.) (Plutarch, Lives: Cato Major, ix).

was

the

depart, saying that it custom of the Romans to deliver their country, not with gold, but with iron. (Plutarch, Ibid., xxix). Cf. Vae Victis. (Woe to the conquered).-Livy, Hist. v, 48.

Τί λέγεις; οὐδὲ ποτήριον ἔχεις οὐδὲ ἱμάτιον; (What! haven't you got a cup or a coat of mine?)

PHILOTAS (fl. 4th cent. B.C.) son of Parmenio-his purse-bearer having told him that he had no money, a friend having come to borrow some. (Plutarch, Lives: Alexander, xlviii).

Τί οὖν εἴ σε Τιβέριος ἐκέλευσεν ἐμπρῆσαι τὸ Καπετώλιον; (What then, if Tiberius had told you to burn the Capitol ?)

PUBLIUS SCIPIO NASICA (fl. 2nd cent. B.C.)- asked of Blossius of Cumae, who admitted that he had done everything at the bidding of Tiberius. (Plutarch, Lives: Tiberius Gracchus, xx). The question is, however, attributed by Cicero (Laeluis, c. II) and by Valerius Maximus (iv, c. 7) to Laelius.

Τὸ γὰρ ἄπραγμον οὐ σῴζεται μὴ μετὰ τοῦ δραστηρίου τεταγμένον. (Indolence is not secure unless it be ranged beside activity, i.e., if indolent persons wish to come out of the struggle safe, they had better take sides with the active).

PERICLES (494-406 E.C.)-Thucydides, Histories, ii, 63, 3).

BRENNUS, chief of the Gauls (fl. c. 390 B.c.)-in reply to Sulpicius, the Roman tribune, who asked the meaning of the former taking off his sword and belt and throwing them into the scale in which the gold to be paid by the Romans was being weighed. (Plutarch, Lives: Camillus, xxviii). The Gauls tampered with the scales, at which the Romans became angry. Camillus, arriving, took the gold from the scales, and ordered the Gauls to

IPHICRATES (d. 380 B.C.)-to Harmodius, the latter having reproached him with his humble

Τὸ μὲν ἐμὸν ἀπ ̓ ἐμοῦ γένος ἄρχεται, τὸ δὲ σὸν ἐν σοὶ παύεται. (My family begins with me, and yours ends with you).