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the castle of Charlottenburg, April 1888. The full sentence was: "Lerne zu leiden, ohne zu klagen, das ist das einzige, was ich dich lehren kann." ("Learn to suffer without complaining, that is the only thing which I can teach you.") Cf.

O fear not in a world like this,

-on

his

And thou shalt know ere long, Know how sublime a thing it is To suffer and be strong. Longfellow, The Light of Stars, last verse. Licht! mehr Licht! (Light! more light!) GOETHE (1749-1832). death-bed. Generally considered his last words, but really uttered three days before his death. The words were uttered in a literal and not a figurative sense. J. A. Froude (in his Life of Carlyle, vol. ii p. 241) says that Mrs. Austin wrote to Carlyle (as he says in a letter to his brother, July 2, 1832) that Goethe's last words were:

"Macht die Fensterladen auf, damit ich mehr Licht bekomme.' ("Open the shutters, that I may have more light.")

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Variants are: "Macht doch den zweiten Fensterladen auch auf, damit mehr Licht hereinkomme." ("Pray open the second shutter so that more light may come in.") "Macht doch den Fensterladen im Schlafgemach auf, damit mehr Licht hereinkomme, ("Open the shutters in the bedroom so that more light may come in.") Liebe, gute! (Dear, good one!) SCHILLER (1759-1805) words. (I (Düntzer, Life of Schiller). Carlyle (Life of Schiller, pt. 3, People's Edn. p. 166) gives his last words as: 'Many things are growing plain and clear to me!" following his words, "calmer and calmer" when asked how he was feeling.

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Lieber ein Ende mit Schrecken,

als ein Schrecken ohne Ende! (Rather an end with terror, than terror without an end).

SCHILL-in the market-place of

Arneburg (on the Elbe), May 12, 1809, to the enthusiastic crowd who followed him from Berlin. Cf. βέλτιον θανεῖν ἅπαξ ἢ διὰ βίον τρομέ ειν. (Better to die once for all than to spend your life in trembling). Macht geht von Recht. (Might before right).

Attributed by Count von Schwerin (Mar. 13, 1863) to PRINCE BISMARCK (1815-98) in his speech in the Chamber of Deputies, Jan. 23, 1863, but denied by Bismarck the same day (see Discours de M. le Comte de Bismarck, vol. i, p. 26). Also in 1869, 1870 and 1871. Cf. the French proverb:

Force passe droit. (Might overcometh right).

Φημὶ γὰρ ἐγὼ εἶναι τὸ δίκαιον οὐκ ἄλλο τι ἢ τὸ τοῦ κρείττονος ξυμφέρον.

("I proclaim that might is right, justice the interest of the stronger. Jowett).

PLATO, Republic, I., 12 (Thrasymachus.) La raison du plus fort est toujours la meilleure. (The reason of the stronger is always the best). La Fontaine, le Loup et l'Agneau.

"O, that right should thus overcome might!"

Shakspere, 2 Henry IV, act v. sc. 4. (Hostess Quickly). Man kann nur aus nationalen Gründen Krieg fuhren. (War can be conducted only on national grounds).

PRINCE BISMARCK (1815-98)-in the North German Reichstag, April 22, 1869.

Meine Wiege stand am Webstuhl meines Vaters. (My cradle stood on my father's loom).

DEPUTY HERMANN VON BECKERATH (1801-70)-June 5, 1847, (Der erste Preuss. Landt. гп Berlin, 1847, p. 1387.)

Meine Zeit in Unruhe, meine Hoffnung in Gott! (My time in trouble, my hope in God).

Motto of FRIEDRICH WILHELM

III (1797-1840). Previously of Elizabeth, Margravine of Brandenburg (d. 1578), and Catherine Electress of Brandenburg (d. 1602). Mir ist sehr schlecht. (I feel very ill.)

RICHARD WILHELM WAGNER (1813-83)-Last words.

Mit Gott für König und Vaterland. (With God for King and Fatherland.)

FRIEDRICH WILHELM III (17701840)-from Beilage 3, sec. 5 of an order dated Mar. 17, 1813, concerning the organization of the militia. All the men had white tin crosses, with the above inscription, fastened in front of their caps. Mit juristischen Theorien lässt

sich auswartige Politik nicht treiben. (Foreign politics cannot be run for legal theories.) PRINCE BISMARCK (1815-98)-in the Reichstag, Dec. 3, 1875.) See Juristische Zwirnsfäden. Mögen die Federn der Diplo

maten nicht wieder verderben, was das Volk mit so grossen Anstrengungen errungen! (May the diplomatists' pen not again spoil what the people won with such great efforts.)

BLUCHER (1742-1819)—toast at Waterloo, June 18, 1815. Alluded to by von Treitschke (Hans von Gagern, 1861, in Hist. und polit. Aufs., 4th ed., 1871, vol. I, p. 171): "Man kennt Blüchers Toast nach Waterloo, etc." ("One knows Blücher's toast at Waterloo.")

moralische Eroberungen (.. moral conquests) Nationalzeitung, Nov. 25, 1858, evening edn.).

EMPEROR WILHELM, when Prince Regent of Prussia (17971888)-to his first ministry of Hohenzollern-Auerswald, Nov. 8,

In

1858. The full sentence is: Deutschland muss Preussen moralische Eroberungen machen durch die Weisheit seiner eignen Gesetsgebung und durch die Ergreifung von Einigungselementen, wie z. B. den Zollverein. (In Germany, Prussia must make moral conquests through the wisdom of its own legislation and by the adoption of measures which make for unity, such as, for example, the Zollverein). Similarly to a Deputation from Hanover, Aug. 30, 1866.

Nach Canossa gehen wir nicht

(We shall not go to Canossa). PRINCE BISMARCK (1815-98)—in the Reichstag, May 14, 1872, meaning that they would not yield to the clerical party. An allusion to the penance of Henry IV, Emperor of Germany, at the Castle of Canossa (Italy), 1077. During the famous struggle (See Kulturkampf) the relations between the German government and the Vatican became somewhat strained.

Passiver Widerstand. (Passive resistance).

VON UNRUH, President of the National Assembly, Nov. 10, 1848, at Berlin, when the national guard and the guilds of Berlin offered armed protection to the National Assembly. "Ich werde entschieden der Meinung dass hier nur passiver Widerstand geleistet werden könne." ("I am decidedly of opinion that only passive resistance should be rendered in this case.")

Politik von Fall zu Fall.

(Policy from case to case, i.e., as new issues arise).

COUNT ANDRASSY (1823-90)— explaining to the Delegates that the Powers had at the Berlin Congress of 1878 decided to mutually deter mine their Eastern policy as each new issue arose.

Politische

Brunnenvergiftung

bei den Wahlen. (Political well-poisoning at Elections.) PRINCE BISMARCK (1815-98)— in the Reichstag, Jan. 24, 1882. Cf.:

Solche Skribenten schaden so viel, als wann sie die öffentlichen Brunnen vergiffteten (Such scribblers do as much harm as if they were to poison the public wells) Harsdörfer, Gesprächspiele (1643) iv, 120. Preussen geht fortan in Deutsch

land auf. (Henceforth Prussia will rise in Germany.)

FREIDRICH WILHELM IV (17951861)-in the proclamation" An mein Volk, an die deutsche Nation," (To my people, to the German Nation), Mar. 21, 1848.

.. reine Wäsche . . (clean washing).

(In

PRINCE BISMARCK (1815-98)—in the Reichstag, Dec. 4, 1874. "Wir haben in unsern auswärtigen Beziehungen recht reine Wäsche." our foreign relations our washing is perfectly clean.) Reptilienfonds. (Reptile funds, referring to Secret-Service money). PRINCE BISMARCK (1815-98)—in an answer to the president of the Reichstag, Jan. 30, 1869. In a speech in the Reichstag, February, 9, 1876, he said, Ich nannte Reptile die Leute, die im Verborgenen gegen unsere Politik, gegen die Politik des Staates intriguieren." (I called reptiles those people who secretly intrigue against our politics, against the politics of the State).

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Revolutionäre in Schlafrock und Pantoffeln. (Revolutionists in dressing-gown and slippers). FREIHERR VON MANTEUFFEL, Foreign Minister of Prussia, (180582) in the Prussian Senate, Jan. 8, 1851. Börne (Briefe aus Paris, 56, Nov. 4, 1831) called Salvandy one of those easy-going Carlists who waited the return of Heinrich V in dressing-gown and slippers. Ruhe ist die erste Bürgerpflicht. (Quiet is the first duty of a citizen).

In a placard dated Oct. 17, 1806, posted in Berlin by Count von Schulenberg-Kehnert, the Monday after the battle of Jena. A copy is in the Märkisches ProvinzialMuseum zu Berlin.

(..

rühmlichst abwesend. most honourably absent). GEO. WILHELM VON RAUMER, Director of the Prussian Archives, a member of the Council of State (1781-1873)—in the official notice (cf. Varnhagen's Tagebücher, III, 18th. & 22nd. Apr. 1846) with reference to the absence of PrinceWaldemar of Prussia, who, because he was in the East Indies, could not attend the funeral of his mother on Apr. 18, 1846.

Sehe er hier, mit solchem Gesin

del muss ich mich herumschlagen. (Just look here, it is. with such a mob that I have to fight !)

FREDERICK THE GREAT (171286)—to the garde-major of Wedell, before the battle of Zorndorf (Aug. 25, 1758), when the first ragged Cossacks were brought before him as prisoners of war. (Archenholz, Geschichte d. siebenjähr Krieges,. vol. i, p. 168).

Setzen wir Deutschland, so zu sagen, in den Sattel! Reiten. wird es schon können. (Put

Germany, so to speak, in the saddle, and you will find that she can ride).

PRINCE BISMARCK (1815-98)— concluding words of a speech in the Reichstag, March 11, 1867.

. . sich rückwärts zu concentrieren. (.. to concentrate oneself backwards).

GYULAI, seeing that his only chance of safety lay in a hasty passage of the Tessin, gave this order, after the battle of Palestro (1859). It has since become proverbial.

... skrophulöses Gesindel! (Scrofulous mob!) HEINRICH LEO

(1799-1878)

(Volksblatt für Stadt und Land, 1853, no. 61.) "Gott erlöse uns von der europäischen Völkerfäulnis und schenke uns einen frischen, fröhlichen Krieg, der Europa durchtobt, die Bevölkerung sichtet und das skrophulöse Gesindel zertritt, was jetzt den Raum zu eng macht, um noch ein ordentliches Menschenleben in der Stickluft führen zu können. (May God rescue us from the corruption of Europe, and grant us a fresh, joyous war, which shall rage through Europe, winnow the population, and crush out the scrofulous mob which now makes space too narrow for us to lead a decent human life in the stuffy atmosphere.") Volksblatt für Stadt und Land, 1859, no. 35. See

ein frischer fröhlicher Krieg. So fluscht et bater; or Dat fluscht bäter. (Now it goes better !) The Pommeranian militia shouted the above at the battle of Grossbeeren, Aug. 23, 1813, turning their rifles round to use the butt-ends since the rain had moistened the powder.

So lange ich lebe, wird es einen Royalisten und einen sichern Diener des Kaisers geben.

(So long as I live the Emperor will have a loyal and a true servant).

PRINCE BISMARCK (1815-98)—in the Reichstag, Nov. 29, 1881. Steine in den Garten des Reiches werfen. (.. to throw stones into the garden of the Empire).

PRINCE BISMARCK (1815-98)—in the Reichstag, Jan. 15, 1889. Unsere Politik ist, dass kein Fuss

breit deutscher Erde verloren gehen solle, und dass ebenso kein Titel deutschen Rechts geopfert werden solle. (Our politics are that no foot of German soil shall be lost, and that no item of German rights shall be sacrificed).

PRINCE BISMARCK (1815-98)—in the Prussian Chamber of Deputies, Dec. 18, 1863.

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Unvorbereitet wie ich bin... (Unprepared as I am .) MATTHIAS Consulting Architect-his toast at a dinner in Halle on the completion of the new University Buildings, 1834. Cf. Unaccustomed as I am &c. Verfassungsleben eine Reihe von Kompromissen.

(Governmental life [is] a series of compromises).

PRINCE BISMARCK (1815-98)—in the Prussian Chamber of Deputies, Jan. 27, 1863. Preceded by "Ein konstitutioneller erfahrener Staatsmann hat gesagt, dass das ganze. (A constitutional Statesman of experience has said that all..)." Also in the Prussian Senate, Jan. 24, 1865, and Dec. 22, 1866. See Die Basis des konstitutionellen &c. .. Volk in Waffen. (.. nation under arms).

KAUNITZ-to Joseph II. (174190). "Ein ganzes Volk in Waffen ist an Majestät dem Kaiser ebenbürtig." (A whole nation under

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GENERAL VON PODBIELSKI-in several despatches, from Ferrières Sep. 25, 1870, from Versailles, Oct. 8, 11 & 18, 1870, & Jan. 26, 1871. Vorwärts. (Forwards).

Motto and nickname (Marschall Vorwärts) of MARSHAL BLUCHER (1742-1819). Treitschke, Deutsche Gesch. im 19 ten. Jahrh. (1879, vol. i., p. 504). The title is now used by a leading German socialistic journal.

Was gemacht werden kann, wird gemacht. (What can be done, shall be done).

COUNT WALLIS, Austrian Minister of Finance-in 1811, defending the order by which he reduced the bank-note by one-fifth of its face value.

.. weibliches Gepäck. (.. female baggage).

PRINCE BISMARCK (1815-98)—in the Reichstag, Mar. 14, 1877: "Es ist ein ausserordentlicher Vorzug für die Karriere, wenn Jemand ohne alles weibliche Gepäck sich durch die Welt schlagen kann." (It is a great advantage to a man to be able to fight his way through the world without female baggage). Cf. “He that hath a wife and children hath hostages to fortune, for they are impediments to great enterprises, either of virtue or mischief." Bacon, Essay VIII (Of Marriage &c.).

Wenn ich keinen Widerspruch ertragen könnte, dann könnte ich ja schon gar nicht mehr leben. (If I could bear no contradiction, then I could not live any longer).

PRINCE BISMARCK (1815-98) in the Reichstag, Nov. 26, 1884. Wenn ich König von Frankreich

wäre, so drüfte ohne meine Erlaubniss kein Kanonenschuss in Europa fallen. (Were I king of France, not a shot should be fired in Europe without my permission). Attributed to FREDERICK II, of PRUSSIA (1712-86).

Wenn nicht, dann nicht! (If not, then not!)

VON KOLLER, Prussian Minister, at the debate Dec. 15, 1894, in the Reichstag, as to the criminal prosecution of Liebknecht (b. 1826), for lèse-majesté (remaining seated while the Emperor was being cheered). Cf. Sinon, non ! Widerlegen kann ihn (Herrn

Eugen Richter) Niemand, er behält doch Recht! (Nobody can refute him [Mr. Eugen Richter]; he is right).

PRINCE BISMARCK (1815-98)—in the Prussian Chamber of Deputies, Feb. 4, 1881.

wie Gott in Frankreich. (.. like God in France).

MAXIMILIAN I (1459-1519)—on the authority of Zincgref-Weidner, Apophthegmata, (1693, p. 10). Maximilian, in familiar conversation with some of his courtiers about other lands and kingdoms, remarked, "If it were possible that I could be God and have two sons, the eldest would have to be God after and mie, the second King of France." Wir Deutsche fürchten Gott, aber sonst nichts in der Welt! (We Germans fear

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