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Erst wägen und denn wagen. (First weigh, then venture). COUNT VON MOLTKE'S [1800-91] favourite maxim. Cf.

Deliberate slowly, execute promptly (English Proverb).

Βουλεύου μὲν βραδέως, ἐπιτέλει δὲ ταχέως τὰ δόξαντα,

zum

man

(Take counsel deliberately, but carry your plan out expeditiously). Isocrates. Ad Demonicum, 34. Es gehört deutschen Bedürfnis, beim Biere von der Regierung schlecht zu reden. (It is a necessity for the German to speak badly of the beer of the Empire). PRINCE BISMARCK (1815-98)— in the Reichstag, June 12, 1882. Es giebt Zeiten, wo liberal regieren muss, und Zeiten wo man diktatorisch regieren muss; es wechselt alles, hier giebt es keine Ewigkeit. (There are times when liberals must rule, and times when dictators must rule; everything changes, there is no eternity in these matters). PRINCE BISMARCK (1815-98)— in the Reichstag, Feb. 24, 1881.

Es ist gut. (It is good). IMMANUEL KANT (1724-1804)— Last words, declining a refreshing draught.

Es muss ein eigentümlicher

Zauber in dem Worte Deutsch liegen. (There must lie a peculiar charm in the word "German.")

PRINCE BISMARCK (1815-98)— in the Prussian Chamber of Deputies, Jan. 22, 1864.

Für Gott und ihr. (For God and her).

Device on the standard of CHRISTIAN, DUKE OF BRUNSWICK, (1599-1626). In the Thirty Years War (1618-48) he supported the Elector's cause, rather because of his love for the Electress than any other motive.

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Garantien, die das Papier nicht wert sind, auf dem sie geschrieben stehen. (.. Guarantees which are not worth the paper on which they are written.)

COUNT VON RECHBERG, Austrian minister-in his despatch to Berlin, referring to the recognition of Italy (1861).

Gazetten müssen nicht geniert werden (Newspapers must not be fettered).

FREDERICK (II), THE GREAT (1712-86)-reply to Graf Podewil the Cabinet Minister, who was inquiring as to his wishes with regard to the Editor of the Berliner Zeitung. (J. D. E. Preuss, Friedrich der Grosse, vol. iii, p. 251). .. Gefühl der staatlichen Verantwortlichkeit. (.. feeling of the State's responsibility). PRINCE BISMARCK (1815-98)— in the Reichstag, May 1, 1872. Gegen die Regierung mit allen

Mitteln zu kämpfen, ist ja ein Grundrecht und Sport eines jeden Deutschen (To fight against the Empire with all means at his disposal is indeed the right and sport of every German).

PRINCE BISMARCK (1815-98)— in the Reichstag, May 8, 1880. Gesetze sind wie Arzeneien; sie

sind gewöhnlich nur Heilung einer Krankheit durch eine geringere oder vorübergehende Krankheit. (Laws are like medicines; they are usually but a cure of one disease by means of a lesser or passing disease).

PRINCE BISMARCK (1815-98-in the Pussian Senate, March 6, 1872. Geschmuggelt wird in fast allen

Ständen, besonders vom weiblichen Theil der Bevölkerung. (Smuggling exists

almost everywhere, especially

in the female portion of the population).

PRINCE BISMARCK (1815-91)-in the Prussian Chamber of Deputies, June 1, 1865.

Hecht im Karpfenteich. (.. Pike in the carp-pond). PRINCE BISMARCK (1815-98)—in the Reichstag, Feb. 16, 1888. From Dallmer, Fische und Fisherei im süssen Wasser (1871), p. 81. Prof. H. Leo had referred to Napoleon III as a 'Pike in the civilisation carp-pond of Europe.' Volksblatt für Stadt und Land, 1859, no. 69.

Hepp! hepp! (Hepp! hepp!)

A derisive cry shouted against the Jews, derived (according to Schrader's Bilderschmuck der deuts chen Sprache, p. 249) from the initial letters of Hierosolyma est perdita (Jerusalem is lost): H. E. P., which was the inscription on the banners with which recruits for the crusades were acquired. Hier stehe ich! Ich kann nicht

anders. Gott helfe mir! Amen. (Here I stand! I can do naught else. God help me! Amen).

MARTIN LUTHER (1483-1546when asked in the Reichstag at Worms if he wished to reply to the question at issue, he concluded his answer with the above words: Apr. 15, 1521. Hie Welf, hie Waiblingen!

(Here Welf, here Waiblingen.) Battle-cry used at Weinsberg, 1140 (Jaffé, Geschichte d. deutsch. Reich. unter Conrad III, 1845, P: 35). Hunde, wollt ihr ewig leben? (Hounds, would ye live for ever ?)

FREDERICK THE GREAT (171286)-to his wavering troops at Kolin, June 18, 1757, wishing to make them charge for the seventh time.

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(Martin, Hist. of France, vol. xv, ch. xcviii); or at Kunersdorf, Aug, 12, 1759. Carlyle (French Revolution, pt. ii, bk., I. ch. 4) quotes the phrase as R- wollt ihr ewig leben." (Unprintable off scouring of scoundrels, would ye live for ever!). Ich bin dankbar für die schärfste Kritik, wenn sie nur sachlich bleibt. (I am grateful for the severest criticism if it only remain real).

PRINCE BISMARCK (1815-98)-in the Reichstag, Nov. 30, 1874. Ich bin es müde, über Sklaven zu herrschen. (I am weary of ruling over slaves). FREDERICK (II), THE GREAT (1712-86)-to President von der Goltz, in 1785, in one of his orders (Ed. Vehse, Preussen, iv, 175). Another version is :

Ich bin es satt über Sklaven zu herrschen. (I have had my fill of ruling over slaves), and derives the phrase from a letter to Baron v. d. Goltz, dated Aug. 1, 1786. Ich bin stolz darauf, eine preussische Sprache zu reden (I am proud of speaking a Prussian language).

PRINCE BISMARCK (1815-98)— in the Prussian Chamber of Deputies, Dec. 18, 1863.

Ich dien. (I serve).

Tradition has it that this motto was adopted by Edward, the Black Prince, in memory of the great battle of Cressy (Aug. 26, 1346), in which the blind king of Bohemia took part and was killed. His crest was three ostrich feathers and the motto as above (Hume, Hist. of Engl.); but see an essay by Sir H. Nicolas in Archaeologia, vol. 32. Ich glaube, dass die Börse hier als ein Giftbaum wirkt. (I believe the Exchange here acts like a poison-tree).

MINISTER MAYBACH-in the Prussian Chamber of Deputies, Nov. 12, 1879.

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Ich habe genug rette dich, Bruder. (I have enough; save thyself, brother). GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS King of Sweden (1564-1632)-Last words; to the Duke of Lauenburg, on the field of Lützen (Nov. 16, 1632). Ich habe keine Zeit, müde zu

sein. (I have no time to become tired).

WILLIAM I (1797-1888)—in reply to the question, during his last illness, whether he felt tired. Ich hoffe es noch zu erleben, dass

das Narrenschiff der Zeit au dem Felsen der christlichen Kirche scheitert. (I hope it will not happen in my time that the "fools' ship" of time founders on the rock of the Christian Church).

PRINCE BISMARCK (1815-98-in the Prussian Second Chamber, Nov. 15, 1849. Ich lasse mir von der Majorität

des Reichstags nicht imponieren. (I do not allow myself to be imposed on by the majority of the Reichstag). PRINCE BISMARCK (1815-98-in the Reichstag, Nov. 26, 1884. Ich liebe eine gesinnungsvolle Opposition. (I like a candid Opposition).

FRIEDRICH WILHELM IV (17951861) the words with which he received the young poet Herwegh in 1842.

Ich will Frieden haben mit meinem Volke. (I wish to have peace with my people). KING MAXIMILIAN II, of Bavaria (1811-64)-in his answer to von Neumayr (printed in no. 137 of the Neue Münchener Zeitung, 1859). Cf.

Nicht eine Welt in Waffen fürchtet sie,
So lang' sie Frieden hat mit ihrem Volke.
(It's not a world in arms she fears,
Have she but peace, with her own people).
-Schiller, Maria Stuart, act i, sc. 6.

In Geldsachen hört die Gemütlichkeit auf. (In money matters friendliness has place).

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DAVID HANSEMANN June 8, 1847 (Der erste Preuss. Landt. in Berlin, 1847, abt. ii, Heft 3, p. 1507), the precise words being Bei Geldfragen hört, etc." In meinem Staate kann jeder nach seiner Façon selig werden. (In my State everyone can become blessed in his own way).

On the 22nd June, 1740, Statesminister von Brand and Konsistorialpresident von Reichenbach reported to Frederick II that the schools for the children of Roman-Catholic soldiers had, in opposition to the King's express command, induced Protestants to be educated as Catholics; on the inquiry whether these schools should be allowed to remain, they received the reply: All religions must be tolerated and the Solicitor to the Treasury has only to see to it that no injury be done by one to the others, for each must in these matters be blessed after his own manner.

in sieben Sprachen schweigen. (.. to be silent in seven languages).

F. E. D. SCHLEIERMACHER (1768-1834)-in reference to Immar.uel Bekker (1785-1871): Nun muss ich schweigen, wie unser Philologus Bekker, den sie den Stummen in sieben Sprachen nennen." (Now I must be silent, like our philologist Bekker, whom people call the man who is dumb in seven languages)Letter from Zelter to Goethe, Mar. 15, 1830. Sir M. Grant Duff (in his Notes from a Diary, vol. i, p. 318), however, attributes the phrase to B. G. Niebuhr(1776-1831). See Vous avez quatre mots contre une idée.

On disait d'un érudit, que c'était le plus grand ennemi qu'eût la raison depuis

Calais jusqu'à Bayonne, et qu'il était fou en deux sciences et quatre langues. (It was said of a learned man, that he was the greatest enemy that reason had from Calais to Bayonne, and that he was mad in two sciences and four languages). Ducatiana. Ist kein Dalberg da? (Is no Dalberg there?)

Saying derived from the question put by the heralds at the crowning of the German emperors. The Dalberg present is the first knight created by the newly-crowned emperor. The custom dates from the coronation, in 1452, of the emperor Frederick III (1415-93) as king of Rome. Zeitschrift für deutsche Kulturgeschichte, Neue Folge I, p. 101). The legend runs that a relation of our saviour who became a Roman soldier settled at Herrn sheim, near Worms, and was the ancestor of the Dalbergs. The family was long regarded as one of the most illustrious in Germany. Cf. The Times, June 20, 1902, p. 12: article on the death of Lord Acton (John Emerich Edward Dalberg Acton).

Ja, wenn das Berliner Kammergericht nicht wäre. (Yes, if we had no judges in Berlin). A miller is credited with having made the reply to Frederick the Great (1712-86), or to his minister. Generally quoted in French, as Il y a des juges à Berlin (q. v.) The miller refused to sell his mill, and, on being told that the king could take it without paying anything for it, he made the above reply.

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(.. legal threads).

PRINCE BISMARCK (1815-98) in the Prussian Chamber of Deputies, Jan. 30, 1869. See Mit juristischen Theorien.

Kathedersocialisten.

(Pulpit Socialists). Nationalzeitung, April 20, 1872.

H. B. OPPENHEIM (1819-80)applied this term to the young professors of Political Economy, and

in

1872 published a pamphlet entitled Kathedersocialismus (pulpit Socialism), which called forth a flood of controversial literature. Kein deutscher Offizier lässt

seinen Soldaten im Feuer im Stich und holt ihn mit eigener Lebensgefahr heraus, und umgekehrt, kein deutscher Soldat lässt seinen Offizier im Stich, das haben wir erfahren. (No German officer leaves his soldier in the lurch, but helps him out at the peril of his own life, and vice versa no German soldier of whom we have had experience leaves his officer in the lurch.) PRINCE BISMARCK (1815-98)-in the Reichstag, Feb. 6, 1888. Kolonialbummler.

loafers).

(Colonial

COUNT VON CAPRIVI (1831-99)— in the Reichstag, Mar. 5, 1882, said that military loafers have often been a nuisance in the army, but not harmful, as they did not interfere with routine: ob aber die Thätig. keiten von Kolonialbummlern eben so unschädlich bleiben könnte, ist mir zweifelhaft (but whether the doings of colonial loafers could

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Kommt es zum Aeussersten, so

ist mir das Hemd näher als der Rock. (In the last resort my shirt is nearer to me than my coat).

PRINCE BISMARCK (1815-98)—in the Prussian Chamber of Deputies, Jan 22, 1864. Cf

Tunica propior palliost. (My shirt is nearer than my cloak). Plautus, Trinummus, act v, sc. 2, 30. (Callicles); La chemise est plus proche que le pourpoint (The shirt is nearer than the doublet)— French Proverb; Near is my kirtle, but nearer is my smock. -English Proverb. Kulturkampf. (War of civilization.)

PROF. VIRCHOW claims that this word, which has met with such wide adoption as describing the conflict between Church and State in Germany, was invented by him. Speech in Magdeburg, Oct. 16, 1876, referring to his Programm der Fortschrittspartei (1873), in which occurs the following passage:

Aber obwohl sie dabei nur zu oft unterlegen ist, so hat sie es doch als eine Notwendig. keit erkannt, im Verein mit den andern liberalen Parteien die Regierung in einem Kampfe zu unterstützen, der mit jedem Tage mehr den Charakter eines grossen Kulturkampfes der Menschheit annimmt. (But although it [the Progressive Party] is only too often defeated by it, yet it has recognized it as a necessity to support, in conjunction with the other liberal parties, the government in a conflict which daily assumes more the character of a great war of civilization).

Virchow, however, had been anticipated by FERDINAND LASSALE, the Socialist, who in an

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Die Katharsis, welche dieses Werk in jedem eines geistigen Eindrucks einigermassen fähigen Gemüt hinterlassen. wird, ist die, es zu erheben über die Qualen und Konflikte, die ihm selber zustossen. Eines edlen, eines nur irgend wahrhaft bescheiden Gemüts wird sich eine edle Gleichgültigkeit bemächtigt gegen Alles, was uns selbst widerfahren kann in einem Kulturkampf, in welchem die Grössten und Besten langsam und qualvoll verblutet sind. (The catharsis which this work will leave behind it in every mind that is at all capable of a spiritual impression is to raise it above the torments and conflicts which befall it. A noble mind, a mind with a grain of true modesty in it, will be possessed by a noble indifference towards all that may happen to it in a war of civilization in which the greatest and the best are slowly and painfully bled to death). Landgraf! werde hart! (Land

grave! grow hard!)

Saying of the smith of Ruhlaalluding to Ludwig der Eiserne, second Landgrave of Thuringia (1140-72). (Cf. John Rothe, Düringische Chronik, ed. by Liliencron, 1859, p. 292). At the beginning of his rule Ludwig had been so easygoing that the nobles had increased in insolence and oppressed the poor. On one occasion, he lost his way in the Thuringian forest, and met the smith of Ruhla, to whom he was. unknown. The smith worked all night, and at each blow of the hammer grumbled at the Landgrave's lenient ways, addressing the iron on which he was working. 66 Nun werde hart." (Now grow hard!) This so impressed the Landgrave that he straightway restored order throughout the land. Lerne zu leiden ohne zu klagen. (Learn to suffer without complaining). FRIEDRICH III (1831-88)-advice to his son, the present Emperor, at

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