Page images
PDF
EPUB

WEIGHT OF HORSES. - U. S.

The weight of horses ranges from 800 to 1200 lbs.

[blocks in formation]

NUMBER OF CUBIC FEET OF VARIOUS EARTHS IN Α ΤΟΝ.

18.6

Loose Earth 24 | Clay
Coarse Sand 18.6 Earth with Gravel 17.8

Clay with Gravel 14.4

The volume of earth and sand in bank exceeds that in embankment in the following proportions:Sand

1-7 | Clay..........1-9 | Gravel......... I-II and the volume of Rock in embankment quarried in large fragments exceeds that in the bank fully one-half.

CONSUMPTION OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR.

The average daily volume of carbonic acid gas given off by the respiration of an adult human being, amounts to 4.08 per cent of the air respired.

In 24 hours, the respiration of one healthy adult produces 10.7 cubic feet of carbonic acid gas, and removes from the atmosphere exactly the same volume of oxygen.

One wax candle (three in a pound) destroys, during its combustion as much oxygen per hour as the respiration of one adult.

The total volume of air that can be required for the respiration of an adult human being in 24 hours, even if no portion of that which has been once respired were to inspired again, does not exceed 266.7 cubic feet.

A lighted taper, when confined within a given volume of atmospheric air, will become extinguished as soon as it has been converted 3 per cent of the given volume of air into carbonic acid.

LIME AND LATHS.

A Cask of lime=240 lbs., will make from 7.8 to 8.15 cubic feet of stiff paste.

A Cask of Cement 300* lbs., will make from 3.7 3.75 cubic feet of stiff paste.

Laths are 114 to 11/2 inches by four feet in length, are usually set 14 of an inch apart, and a bundle contains 100.

*

300 lbs net is the standard; it usually overruns 8 lbs.

TENSILE STRENGTH OF MATERIALS.

WEIGHT OR POWER REQUIRED TO TEAR
ASUNDER ONE SQUARE INCH.

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]

Diam. Galls. Diam Galls. Diam Galls. Diam Galls.

Diam Galls

Feet

Feet

Feet

Feet

Feet

[blocks in formation]
[blocks in formation]

I square inch

I toise

I arpent (Paris)

FRENCH, (OLD SYSTEM.)

1.13587 U. S. inches.

=6.3946 U. S. feet.

900 square toises=4089 square yards.

I arpent (woodland) = 100 square royal perches=6108. 24 sq yds.

(NEW SYSTEM)

I are = I square decameter=1076.4309 square feet.
== 100 square metres=119.6033 square yards.

I decare 10 ares

| I dectare =100 ares=2 47 11 acre

I square metre=1550.0599 square inches, or 10.7643 sq. feet 1 centiare - 10.7643 square feet | I deciare = 11.9603 square yards.

[blocks in formation]

In BOARD MEASURE, all boards are assumed to be 1 inch in thick

ness.

TO COMPUTE THE MEASURE OR SURFACE IN

SQUARE FOOT.

WHEN ALL THE DIMENSIONS ARE IN FEET.

RULE. Multiply the length by the breadth, and the product will give the surface required.

WHEN EITHER OF THE DIMENSIONS ARE GIVEN IN INCHES. RULE.-Multiply as above, and divide the product by twelve.

WHEN ALL THE DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES. RULE.-Multiply as before, and divide the product by 144. EXAMPLE. What are the number of square feet in a board 15 feet

in length and 16 inches wide?

15 X 16 240, and 240÷12=20 feet.

TABLE OF WEIGHTS, Etc.

POROUS TERRA-COTTA FIREPROOFING

abcd indicate thickness of the walls, or solid parts of the blocks, as follows:-a-1 inch; b- inch; c-34 inch; d-58 inch.

[blocks in formation]

6 inches Flat 5 feet a-24 lbs; b-21lbs; c-19 lbs; d-17 lbs.

[merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small]
[merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors]
[blocks in formation]

250 lbs; 225lbs.

[blocks in formation]

a-45 lbs; b-40 lbs; c-35 lbs d-30 lbs. 200 lbs; 175lbs. a-50 lbs; b-44 lbs; c-39 lbs; d-34 lbs.

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors]

N. R.-Allow one inch in addition to length of tile from centre to centre of T irons for mortar.

This TABLE is kindly furnished by the THE MONTREAL TERRA-COTTA LUMBER COMPANY LTD., Montreal, Que.

FIRE ESCAPES.

STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS ADOPTED BY THE FIRE AND LIGHT COMMITTEE, THE INSPECTOR OF BUILDINGS AND THE INSPECTOR OF INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS

OF THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC.

Outside Fire Escapes to consist of iron balconies 3 feet wide, taking in two windows at each storey, and connecting said balconies by iron stairs, and provided with an iron drop ladder to lead from the balcony at first storey to sidewalk to be constructed as follows:

BRACKETS must not be less than 1/2 x 134 inches wrought iron, placed edgewise, or 134 inch angle iron, 14 inch thick, well braced, and not more than 3 feet apart, and the braces to brackets must not be less than 34 inch square wrought iron, and must extend two-thirds of the width of the respective brackets or balconies. In all cases the brackets must go through the wall and be turned down three inches.

BRACKETS ON NEW BUILDINGS must be set as the walls are being built. When brackets are to be put on old houses, the part going through the wall shall not be less than 1 inch diameter, with screw nuts and washers not less than 5 inches square and 12 inch thick.

TOP RAILS.-The top rail of balcony must be 14 inch x 12 inch wrought iron, or 11⁄2 inch angle iron, 11⁄2 inch thick, and in all cases must go though the walls, and be secured by nuts and 4 inch square washers at least 3/8 inch thick, and no top rail shall be connected at angles by the use of cast iron.

BOTTOM RAILS.—Bottom rails must be 11/4 inch 3-8 inch wrought iron, or 1 1/2 inch angle iron, 14 inch thick, well leaded into the wall. In frame buildings the top rails must go through the studding and be secured on the inside by washers and nuts as above.

FILLING IN BARS.-The filling-in bars must not be less than 1/2 inch round or square wrought iron, placed not more than 6 inches from centres, and well riveted to the top and bottom rails.

STAIRS. The stairs in all cases must not be less than 18 inches wide, and constructed of 1/4 x 3/2 inch wrought iron sides or strings. Steps may be of cast iron, double rungs, and well riveted to the strings. The stairs must be secured to a bracket or extra cross bar at the bottom. All stairs must have a inch hand rail of wrought iron, well braced.

FLOORS. The flooring of balconies must be of wrought iron 11/2x3/8 inch, slats placed not over three feet apart and riveted at the intersection. The openings for stairways in all balconies shall not be less than 20 inches wide and 36 inches long, and have no covers.

« PreviousContinue »