. the Duke of Newcastle, after having been induced to concur in chafing away Mr. Pitt, was himself difmiffed with ignominy, to leave in fole poffeffion the Favourite, whom his Grace had thought fit, by an act of his own, to bring into a minifterial office, to counterbalance the weight of Mr. Pitt. For that we got a glorious peace, and bought from ourselves an approbation of it, because we were not able to carry on a war, the fucceffes of which had almoft made an end of its expence. For that we diffolved our natural alliances abroad, and renounced all connections with the common caufe of Liberty, and the independency of Europe, because we are powerful enough to ftand alone, against the most formidable union we ever faw of our enemies. For that a door was opened without dif tinction at home to all the enemies of the K-'s family, because that was the only way to root out Jacobitifm, and to introduce into places, those who seemed to think the adminiftration of a Stuart, to which their new loyalty was confined, was the next thing to a reign of that name. And with all these Lord Bute might, for ought I know, have yet been the Minifter himself, if his want of courage had not done more for us than our own virtue. ORIGIN ORIGIN OF HEREDITARY NOBILITY. THE celebrated civilian, Francis Hotoman, who was one of the most learned men of his age, gives us the cause of making hereditary the order of Nobility in France. In his work, entitled Franco-Gallia, which is now very scarce, written in the year 1574, he fays, "We must not omit making mention of "the cunning device made ufe of by Hugh Capet, for establishing himself in his new dominion. [Of King of France, anno 987.] "For, whereas, all the magiftracies and "honours of the kingdom, fuch as Dukedoms, "Earldoms, &c. had been hitherto, from "antient times, conferred upon Select and deferving perfons in the general conventions "of the people, and were held only during good behaviour; whereof (as the lawyers exprefs it) they were but beneficiaries: Hugh Capet, in order to secure to himself "the affections of the great men, was the ་ firft that made those honours perpetual; "which were formerly but temporary and "ordained, that fuch as obtained them fhould "have an hereditary right in them, and might "leave them to their children.-Of this, fee "Francifcus "Francifcus Conanus, the civilian, comment "ii. chap. ix." It is fingular, that this fact has escaped the notice of moft of the French hiftorians. Account of the Duel between Mr. WHATELY and Mr. TEMPLE. From the Public Advertiser, of September 4, 1773, As Mr. George Whately, the banker, has hitherto declined difcovering how the letters of Meffrs. Hutchinfon and Oliver, Governor and Lieutenant-Governor of New England, were obtained by the Boston faction, (by which his conduct appears highly problematical, if he is innocent,) permit me to communicate, through the channel of your paper, the ftory he circulates in private, although he chufes, for reafons best known to himself, to withhold it from the public. Mr. Secretary Whately died in June, 1772. In the October following, a native of Boston, refident in London, not a hundred miles from Great George-ftreet, applied to Mr. George Whately for fome letters he had formerly written from America to his deceased brother. The banker immediately produced feveral parcels, containing letters from different American gentlemen, particularly Meffrs. Hutchinfon Hutchinfon and Oliver. The wily Bostonian, who is an inveterate enemy to the above gentlemen (a circumftance then unknown to Mr. Whately) next asked his permiffion to perufe their letters, to which Mr. Whately, not fufpecting any harm, readily confented. The Bostonian was then left in the room alone until he had fatisfied his curiosity. Mr. Whately does not charge this Bostonian with having conveyed away any of the above letters, but he abfolutely avers that no other perfon had access to them from the time of his brother's death to this inftant. When therefore this Boftonian's character, as well as former conduct in life, his inveteracy to the letter writers, as well as his clofe connection with fome of the leading men in oppofition at Boston, are fully confidered, I believe that no one will be at a lofs to unravel this myfterious affair. From the fame of November 25, 1773. To Mers. BERNARD, KNOX and MAUDUIT, GENTLEMEN, HAD I not been in the country, the refutation of your joint performance would have appeared fooner. Though I was not the immediate immediate instrument of bringing to light thofe letters which have opened a fcene of villany almost incredible, yet I am so particularly acquainted with that tranfaction as to affirm, you have falfely and wickedly adduced Mr. Whately's authority, to charge it upon fome gentleman living in or near Great George-ftreet. Why you should fix upon a gentleman there particularly, I cannot conceive, unless it be that fuch a gentleman had the honour of detecting the malefactions of the corrupt Bernard, and bringing him to fhame. To put you to filence at once I affirm, that the letters which were fent to Bofton, have not fince his brother's death been in the poffeffion of Mr. Whately, the banker, whom you ignorantly call George. Let him contradict me if my affertion be untrue. If it would answer any public purpose, the gentleman, who really procured thofe letters, and whom, with all your little low united cunning you will never difcover, would not hefitate to declare himself. At present he is content to enjoy in concealment the approbation of all good men, for having difcovered the wicked authors of thofe incendiary informations which threatened the destruction of both countries. The fubtle fpies, the fecret traitors stand now confeft; and the mercenary motives of their conduct are manifeft. The Americans are |