Studies in Russian-American Commerce: 1820 - 1860

according activities addition Amer American ships amounted Archangel arrived Baring Black Sea Boston Brandt British Brothers brought burg cargo carried cent century commercial connections Consul cotton customs direct duties early economic England English existed exports fact figures firm foreign gained German given gives Havana hemp History houses imports increase industry interest iron John July June Kronstadt later least less Lewis listed London major March merchants million Moscow needed Notes Odessa official period Peters Petersburg Philadelphia poods ports production profit rbls reached relations remained reports Riga role Ropes rubles Russia sailed Salem share shipments smuggling Source statistics Stieglitz sugar Table tariff thousand tion tonnage tons trade treaty United various vessels worth York