George Whittam, Esq. for making an Index of the Votes in the House of Com- John Henry Ley, Esq. Second Clerk Assistant to the House of Commons, for his 350 00 1,582 8 6 676 11 6 .. 538 3 6 1,444 7 0 Henry Gunnell, Esq. et al. Compensation to sundry Officers of the House of Mr. John Bacon ........ Do. ......... of Sir John Moore .... To make good to His Majesty's Civil List Revenues, Monies issued thereout for Public To George Saunders, Esq to discharge, in part, the outstanding Demands of Arti- .. ........ To T. Nettleship, Esq. Clerk of the Grocers Company, for publishing the average ........ 17,000 0 0 424 4 0 177 0 0 To William Chinnery, Esq. to make good the Deficiency of the Grant for the Year 1810, for defraying the Expense attending the confining, maintaining, and employing Convicts at Home To Ditto to pay Bills drawn by T. Dumaresq and T. Le Briton, on account of certain Allowances granted them for their trouble, &c. in attending the Privy Council respecting the Island of Jersey To Ditto, to be paid over to Captain Aberdown and others, for their Expences in attending the Committee of the House of Commons on the late Expedition to the Scheldt .. 227 13 0 To Ditto to discharge Messrs. Blanchard and Ramsay's Expences on the Holyhead .... .... To John France, Esq. for his assistance in forming an Index to the Rolls of Par- To Edward Stracey, Esq. for his Services in attending as Counsel upon the Chair- 79 30 428 15 0 1,582 9 0 1,151 8 0 533 14 0 To James Read, Esq. to defray Expences of the Establishment of the Horse Patrole for the better Security of the Public Roads leading to the Metropolis, for three quarters of a Year, to 5th Jan. 1811...... To Dr. Thomas Brooke Clarke, for his trouble and attendance in receiving and arranging the Returns of the Privy Council of the Non-resident Clergy, for one Year and Half, to 5th Jan. 1811 805 70 ... To William Watson, Esq. Serjeant at Arms, for his Services during Session 1810.. 1,582 8 6 Houses of Parliament in Session 1810 475 14 9 .... To Lord Walsingham, for his Services as Chairman of the Committees of the To John Clementson, Esq. Deputy Serjeant at Arms to the House of Commons, for one Year's Rent of a House, in lieu of Apartments he resigned at the House of Commons 219 14 0 .... To the Magistrates of the Thames Police, for further Expences incurred in carrying into effect a Plan for the better Security of the Shipping in the Port of London. To Peter Grant, Esq. Secretary to the Commissioners of Military Enquiry, for defraying the Expences of the said Commission To pay Bills drawn from Sicily, for Allowances to Toulonese and Corsican Emi grants 1811 4,000 0 0 To pay Bills drawn on account of certain retired Dutch Officers 1811........ .......... 132,339 10 0 To pay Bills drawn from New South Wales 1810, 11.......... 30,196 0 0 WAR TAXES, AMOUNT OF ALL TAXES applicable to the Service of the PUBLIC, afier defraying the Charges upon the Consolidated Fund, in the respective Years ending 5th January 1810, 1811, and 1812. DUTIES on SUGAR, &c. Annually granted and applicable to paying off £. 3,000,000. Exchequer Afterdeducting £. 1,785,778 WAR TAXES, WAR TAXES, 19,012,367 3 6 20,554,579 48 19,936,963 19 43 SURPLUS 5,642,637 8 10 6,989,839 8 2 4,115,841 19 6 WAR TAXES 1 An Account of the Real Value of ExPORTS from Great Britain to All Parts of the World, in the Years 1805, 1806, 1807, 1805,1809, 1810, & 1811, respectively: distinguishing British Produce and Manufactures from Foreign and Colonial Merchandize; and distinguishing the Amount to the North of Europe, to Spain, to Portugal, to other Parts of Europe, to Asia, to Africa, to the United States of America, and to all other Parts of America. 10,877,968 43,242,176 9,786,705 9,022,339 66,017,712 [lxviii stables and Watchmen, and prescribes the | tions for the prevention of crimes, by the mode in which they are to be punished for misconduct or neglect. As this is one of the principal Acts respecting the duties of Watch and Ward, Your Committee have also inserted an Extract from it in the Appendix. Your Committee have not failed to observe, that the City of London, from the nature of its magistracy, the description of its various public officers, the gradation and subordination of their various classes, the division and subdivision of its local limits, affords an example of that unity, and of that dependence of parts on each other, without which no well constructed and efficient system of Police can ever be expected. If such a system could be successfully imitated in Westminster and its Liberties, and within the other adjacent Parishes which have hitherto formed an unconnected mass of scattered and uncontrouled local authorities, considerable benefit might be expected to ensue; for Your Committee are disposed to concur in opinion with several of the witnesses, that a well arranged system of Superintendence, Vigilance, and Controul, would tend more to the prevention of crimes, by rendering it difficult to commit them, than any degree of activity in the pursuit and conviction of criminals after the crime has been committed: at all events, however, the two systems are not only not incompatible, but would necessarily afford tual aid and assistance to each other. mu This system of Watch and Ward, adapt- ❘ ed by the Legislature to the City of London, is not a dead letter, but is kept alive and in action by the constant superintendence of the Marshals of the City, with their Assistants, who every night visit the different Wards and Precincts, and take care that the Constables, Beadles, and Watchmen of all descriptions, are alert and do their duty. Morning Reports are made to the Lord Mayor, as Chief Magistrate; deficiencies are noticed, as well as any disorders or irregularities, or other occurrences of the night. In ancient times, when the whole of the Metropolis consisted of little more than the City of London (properly so called) such a system might have been abundantly sufficient for its good government and security. The City of Westminster, owing to its having never been incorporated, is not provided with the same means, and the same gradations of its public Officers, to ensure the unity and efficiency of its exer same system of controul and superintendence. But Your Committee have to observe, that by the Statute of the 27th of Elizabeth, presiding and subordinate Officers are appointed, and powers given to the Dean and Chapter, and to the High Steward and others, to make Regulations for the good government of the City of Westminster. It appears that Lord Burleigh was appointed the first High Steward, and a Code of Regulations was introduced by him, and a division of its local limits into twelve Wards, for the purpose of a more perfect superintendence. Your Committee have inserted this Statute of Queen Elizabeth in the Appendix, together with the original Regulations introduced by Lord Burleigh. This Statute is specifically referred to, and its powers enlarged, by the 29 Geo. 2, c. 25, and by the 31 Geo. 2, c. 17, and a unity and gradation of authority are endeavoured to be established; and the High Constable is directed to obey the orders of the High Steward, and the Petty Constables to obey the High Constable. The duties and superintendence of the High Steward have fallen into great disuse, although very important duties are imposed on him. It appears, however, that on great occasions of ceremony, he has from time to time personally interfered, and put himself at the head of the whole Civil force of the City of Westminster, marshalling and arranging the subordinate Officers. The present High Steward, the Marquis of Buckingham, is stated to have so interfered at the funerals of Lord Nelson and Mr. Pitt. The Statute of 14 Geo. 3, c. 90, seems to have superseded this system, and is of such pre-eminent importance with reference to the subject matter of present investigation, that Your Committee have inserted large Extracts from it in the Appendix. It is a local Act applicable to the City and Liberties of Westminster, and certain other Parishes therein named; and, with great detail, prescribes the duties of Constables, Beadles, Patroles and Watchmen. It is not founded upon the principle of 10 Geo. 2, c. 22, which relates to the City of London, and which entrusts to the Lord Mayor and others the whole of the details of the Nightly Watch as to numbers, distribution, wages of the Watchmen, and other particulars, but it limits the discretionary powers of the different | which they would refer to the Appendix, parochial Authorities, and, with the most scrupulous minuteness, prescribes the exact manner in which the various descriptions of persons employed must discharge their duties, and defines the smallest number which each Parish is to employ, and the lowest amount of wages to be paid. It details the manner in which | misconduct and neglect is to be punished, and meritorious exertions rewarded. It is observable, that both these Statutes refer to the ancient Statute of Watch and Ward, the 13th Edward 1, and recognize the principle, that the protection of every District is a compulsory duty incumbent on the inhabitants; and therefore, an express clause is inserted in each of these Acts, to discharge from this duty such Inhabitants as shall contribute to the Rate for defraying the expence of such Watch and Ward. Other Parishes or Hamlets are governed by particular Acts of Parliament, authorizing the raising of Rates for Watching and Lighting, and, vesting powers in certain Commissioners or Vestries for carrying these purposes into effect; but in many cases, the execution of the Law is extremely defective, and in some cases the power of raising Money is inadequate; in others the full amount is not levied; the mode of Watching generally bad, and the men employed, both in number and ability, wholly inefficient for the purpose. In other Parishes there is no Legislative provision, and upon the whole, no uniform system prevails; and neither the Magistracy, or the Government, have at present | any connection whatever with the state of the Watch, and no controul or superintendence over it. It would appear that this Statute of the 14 Geo. 3, c. 90, has been very little known, or very loosely examined and considered, for many of the Witnesses whom we have examined, and many of the projects which have been submitted to our consideration suggest, as valuable improvements, the very principles, and very details, which are enforced by substantive enactment in this very Statute. Your Committee feel that much would be done by merely extending the provisions of the 14 Geo. 3, to the adjacent Parishes in and near the Metropolis, which should be particularly described, provided it were duly executed; but they are convinced that it may receive very beneficial amendments, for the details of stating here only, that, in many instances, it may be absolutely necessary to give powers for levying a higher Rate than is now allowed, in order to defray the expence arising from an increase of the numbers or wages of the persons employed in different capacities in the Nightly Watch; Your Committee being strongly impressed with the opinion of the expediency, if not necessity, of relieving the Watch once at least in the night. But the main improvement of this Law would consist in creating a superintending Power, to whose discretion should be entrusted the dismissal of the persons appointed by the Parochial Authorities in cases of misconduct, negligence or inability, and to whom it should belong to enforce generally, if necessary, the due execution of this Act; for, with all the other proposed amendments, it cannot escape observation, that the system would still remain imperfect, and very inferior in efficacy to that which subsists within the City of London (properly so called); there still would remain that want of unity, that want of dependence of parts on each other, that want of a general superintendence and controul, without which every system of government must be imperfect. Your Committee, considering with this view whether there are any public Bodies or individuals already known to the laws, and vested with judicial and administrative powers, and on whom might conveniently be imposed the duty of connecting in some degree the scattered Parochial Authorities, have naturally found their attention directed to the several Boards of Magistracy which have been created by the 32 Geo. 3, c. 53. This Act, reciting that a regular attendance of fit Magistrates at certain known places, and at stated hours, was much wanted, establishes seven Boards of Magistracy in various parts of the Metropolis. These Boards of Magistracy have in common parlance obtained the name of Police Offices, although neither by the provisions of this Act, nor by the nature of their duties as Justices of the Peace, have they any superintendence whatever in matters of preventive and parochial Police, or any necessary knowledge of the principles on which the several independent unconnected Parishes act, or of the details by which the Peace and good |