1789 that your Highness uninterupted by war, had full leifure to confider the propriety of the performance of this Article of the treaty; and until you might have had fufficient opportunity to put implicit confidence in my affurances for the punctual discharge of the Peifhcufh for the Northern Circars: I then deputed Captain Kennaway to your Highness's Court, with inftructions, to make the demand of the Guntoor Circar, by virtue of the treaty of 1768, to assure your Highness of my firm intention to discharge the balances, upon fair ftatement, due to your Highness on account of the Peifhcufh, and to imprefs you with the fincerity of my intentions for its regular payment hereafter. I have already expressed my fatisfaction at your Highnefs's immediate compliance to deliver up the Guntoor Circar to the Company, and have affured your Highness of my firm intention to perfevere in a strict fyftem of faith to engagements: and now, with fuch a proof of the fecurity of your Highness's friendship and good faith; I have, from a defire to teftify to your Highnefs that I am impreffed with fimilar fentiments, entered into a full difcuffion of every Article with Meer Abul Coffim, in order that fuch parts of it as are undefined, and bear an obfcure and doubtful meaning, may be fo explained as shall preclude every neceflity of future difcuffion, remove ground of mifuuderstanding and give ftability and permanency to that friendship, which now fubfifts between us. In adopting this rule of conduct, I do no more than fulfil the intention of the King of England, and the British nation, who, by the system lately established for the Government of this Coun try, had in view the important end of giving efficacy to the existing treaties between the English and the powers of Hindoftan, and of fecurig a due perfor mance thereof in future. This communication, Ι am perfuaded, will fully fatisfy your Highness of the propriety of my declining the propofals of Meer Abul Coffim, for entering into a new fecurity for the discharge of the Peifhcufh, by mortgaging a portion of the Circars, confidering, as I do, the faith of the English nation already pledged for the due payment of it. In proof of the fincerity of my

all

intentions that the treaty fhould be carried into full 1789 effect. I agree that in the 6the Article of the treaty, the words "whenever the fituation of affairs will al-, low of fuch a body of troops to march into the Decan' fhall be understood to mean, that the force engaged for by this Article, viz, two battalions of fepoys and fix pieces of cannon, manned by Europeans, fhall be granted whenever your Highness shall apply for it, making only one exception, that it is not to be employed against any power in alliance with the Company, viz. Pundit Purdaun, Madajee Scindia, and other Marratta Chiefs. Peifhwa Ragajee Bhoofla, the Nabob of Arcot, and Nabob Vizier, Rajahs of Tanjore and Trevancore: that the battalions at present not defined in number fhall not confist of lefs than 800. men each: that the fix field pieces fhall be manned with the number of Europeans, which is usual in time of war: that the expence to be charged to your Highness, shall be no more than the exact fum which it cofts the Company to main. tain a body of that force when employed on service in the field, that this expence be as per separate account; that this detachment fhall march within two months, or fooner if poffible after it is demanded, and your Highness shall be charged with the expence of it from the day it enters your Highness's territories, until it quits them on its return to the Company's, with the addition of one month, at the average calcution of the whole amount, in order to defray the charges, the Company muft neceffarily incur to put fuch a force in a state fit for service. I have fo fully difcuffed the articles of the treaty that relate to the Nabob of Arcot, and the Carnatic, on the representation of Meer Abul Coffim, that a mere reference to the articles themselves will inform your Highness of the full force of my arguments; and although the long existing friendship between that Nabob and the Company might be urged as further ground for declining the propofal of Meer Abul Cosfim, his right to the poffeffion of the Carnatic Payen Ghaut is fully established and admitted by the 7th and 8th Articles, and papers appertaining to them, there can therefore be no neceffity for troubling your Highness with other reasons. In regard to the arti

Tome V.

C

1791. 1789 cles relative to the Dewanny of the Carnatic Balla Ghaut, your Highness must be well convinced that circumstances have totally prevented the execution of these articles, and the Company are in the full enjoyment of peace with all the world, but should it hereafter happen that the Company should obtain poffeffion of the Country mentioned in these articles, with your Highness's allistance, they will strictly perform the ftipulations in favour of your Highness and the Marrattas. Your Highness must be well affured, that while treaties of peace and friendship exist with any chief, negociations that tend to deprive that chief of any part of his poffeffions, unprovoked on his part, muft naturally create fufpicione in his mind unfavourable to the reputation of your Highness, and to the character of the Company, fince the only grounds on which fuch negociations could be carried on, reft on a treaty exifting upwards of twenty years, the execution of which is yet unclaimed, and fince no provocation has hitherto been made to justify a breach in the present peaceable and amicable understanding between each other..

1

As I am at all times defirous that such circumftances as carry with them impediment and hindrance to good order and government, without bearing the Imallest advantage to either fide, should be so changed as to produce the good effects expected from treaties, and as the affairs of both parties might fuffer great injury from being excluded from corresponding with the other powers of the Decan, I agree that in future either party, without a breach of treaty fhall be at liberty to receive or fend Vackeels, and correfpond with any powers in the Decan, in such manner as may be expedient for the benefit of their own affairs, under the condition that the object of fuch intercourfe or correspondence be not hoftile to either of the governments. I have in many inftances, as well through Captain Kennaway, as to Meer Abul Coffim, and the first part of this letter, declared my firm intention to execute the treaty of 1768, and to live in perpetual amity and friendship with your Highness; and your Highness will be convinced from the explanations I have given to those; articles in the treaty of am

biguous and obfcure meaning, that I am earnestly 1789 defirous of the adjustment of every matter on grounds fair and liberal; but it is necessary in confideration of the subjects of conversation with Meer Abul Coffim, that I fhould point out to your Highness, that unless just cause should be given for entering into new treaties, the laws of my country, the injunctions of the King and Company of England, as well as the faith and honor of the English, prohibit me from entering into any negotiation, to make new treaties, and I have confined my conferences with Meer Abul Coffim to the explanation of that made in 1768, with a view to a more perfect execution of it. On this account I have not judged proper to comply with fuch requests as have been made by Meer Abul Coffim, that in any fhape tend to alter the spirit of that treaty. A further argument to imprefs your Highness with the propriety of this determination is, the fanction and fupport of His Majefty and the Company of England to those measures that coincide with inftructions, I have mentioned this circumstance merely to affure your Highness of theftrength of my affertions, and the value of my engagements in regard to the Guntoor Circar, and the other articles of the treaty; and I trust that this clear explanation of the ambiguous articles of the treaty will render it effectual, and will afford your Higness a convincing proof of the Company's determination to adhere to the faith of it. Although I have not agreed to enter into a new treaty with your Highness through Meer Abul Collim, for the reason above affigned, yet your Highness, in confideration of the authority vested in me by the King and Parliament of England, will confider my letter, though merely purporting a clear explanation of the feveral articles in the teeaty of 1768, strong and effecient upon the English Government in India, equally fo as treaty in due form could be, fince the members of the Council, have given their chearfull acquiefcence to its contents. For further particulars of my fentiments, I beg leave tot refer your Highness to Meer Abul Coffim, whom I have confidered during this negociation as faithfully attached to your Highness, fully acquainted with your

1789 Highness's interests, and your moft confidential fervant impowered to fettle any agreement for the mutual benefit of the two governments. I have accordingly communicated to him, without reserve, all that has occurred to me on the subject of the Treaty of 1768, in the fame manner as if your Highness were present. Nevertheless as your Highnefs's concurrence are necessary to give a final fanction to the articles difcuffed, I have thought proper to mention them in this Letter; for the rest your Highness may have the most affured confidence, that I will moft faithfully abide by all the engage. ments I have entered into on the part of the Company.

b.

1790 Traité d'alliance offensive entre la comp. 1. Jun. angloise des Indes or. d'une part, et Pundit Purdaun et le Nabob Nizam Assuf Jah de

Amitié,

l'autre part, contre Tippo Sultaun.

(MACKENZIE sketch of the war with Tippoo T. I. app. p. 1.)

Treaty of Offenfive and Defensive Alliance, between

the Honorable United English Eaft India Company; the Peishwah Suvoy Mahaden Narrain Pundit Purdaun Bahaudur, and the Nabob Nizam Ally Khan Affuf Jah, Bahaudur- against Futty Ally Khan, known by the Denomination of Tipoo Sultaun; fettled by Mr. Charles Warre Mallet, on the Part of the said Honourable Company, with the said Pundit Purdaun, by virtue of the Powers delegated to him by the Right Honourable Charles Earl Cornwallis K. B. Governor General in Council, appointed by the Honourable Court of Directors of the faid Honourable Company to direct and controul all their Affairs in the Eaft Indies.

ART. I.

The friendship fubfifting between the ftates, agreeable to former treaties, fhall be increased by this.